Percentage calculator

Answer any everyday percentage question, with the formula shown.

Percentage of a number

What is % of ?

30

200 × 15 ÷ 100 = 30

What percent one number is of another

is what percent of ?

85%

425 ÷ 500 × 100 = 85%

Percentage increase or decrease

From to

+25%An increase of 20

(100 − 80) ÷ 80 × 100 = 25%

The whole from a part

is % of what?

200

30 ÷ 15 × 100 = 200

Add or take off a percentage (VAT, raise, discount)

%

285Added: 35

250 × (1 + 14 ÷ 100) = 285

Amount before a percentage was added (price before VAT)

includes %. Before it:

100The 14% part: 14

114 ÷ (1 + 14 ÷ 100) = 100

What it does

Percentages come up in prices, salaries, exam marks and statistics, and the hard part is usually knowing which calculation to do. This page puts the common questions side by side, so you pick the one that matches yours and fill in the numbers: what 15% of 200 is, what percent 425 out of 500 is, how much a price rose from 80 to 100, what the full amount was if 30 is 15% of it, and what a price is after adding VAT or taking off a discount. You can also take a percentage back out, for example to find the price before 14% VAT from a receipt total. Every answer shows its formula, so you can check it or copy the working into homework or a report. Numbers can be typed with thousands separators, a decimal comma or Arabic digits.

How to use it

How it works
  1. Find the question that matches yours: a percentage of a number, what percent one number is of another, the change between two numbers, the whole from a part, adding or taking off a percentage, or the amount before a percentage was added (a price before VAT).
  2. Type the numbers into that row. Commas, decimal commas (12,5) and Arabic digits are all understood.
  3. The answer appears as you type, with the formula under it so you can check it or show your working.
  4. Click “Copy” next to an answer to paste it elsewhere.

Common uses

  • Turning exam marks into a percentage, such as 425 out of 500
  • Adding VAT to a price, or finding the price before VAT from a total that already includes it
  • Checking a sale price, or comparing a 25% discount with a fixed amount off
  • Working out the percentage of a pay rise, a rent increase or a change in sales between two months

Tips

  • Two discounts don’t add up: 20% off and then another 10% off is 28% off in total, not 30%, because the second discount applies to the already reduced price.
  • A rise and the same fall don’t cancel out. A price that goes up 50% and then down 50% ends at 75% of where it started.
  • To remove VAT from a total, divide by 1 plus the rate, not subtract the rate: 114 ÷ 1.14 = 100 with Egypt’s 14% VAT, while 114 − 14% would give 98.04.

Questions

How do I calculate a percentage of a number?

Multiply the number by the percentage and divide by 100. For 15% of 200: 200 × 15 ÷ 100 = 30. The first row of the calculator does this for you.

How is percentage change calculated?

Subtract the old value from the new one, divide by the old value and multiply by 100. From 80 to 100: (100 − 80) ÷ 80 × 100 = 25%, an increase. A negative result means a decrease.

What’s the difference between percent and percentage points?

Percentage points are the plain difference between two percentages. If an interest rate goes from 10% to 12%, it rose by 2 percentage points, which is a 20% increase in the rate itself.

What VAT rate should I use?

Use your country’s standard rate, for example 14% in Egypt, 15% in Saudi Arabia, 5% in the UAE and 20% in the UK. Some goods and services have reduced rates, so check the rate on your invoice when it matters.

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