[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":38},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$fWw3CIEYY4ABLCLnnenJVPKgCwnh0H9Cqh04PGYLGlq8":3},{"slug":4,"title":5,"description":6,"date":7,"tags":8,"tools":13,"draft":15,"html":16,"toc":17,"minutes":37},"how-gpa-is-calculated","How GPA Is Calculated, on the 4.0 and the Saudi 5.0 Scale","Credit-weighted averages, term versus cumulative GPA, why averaging your term GPAs gives the wrong answer, and how a failed course counts on each scale.","2026-10-09",[9,10,11,12],"math","calculators","students","typescript",[14],"gpa-calculator",false,"\u003Cp>Term grades come out before the transcript is updated, and the first thing most students want is their new GPA. The quick way to work it out, averaging the grade points, is wrong for almost everyone, because courses don’t all carry the same credits. I built the \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fgpa-calculator\">GPA calculator\u003C\u002Fa> around the method transcripts use, on two scales: the 4.0 scale of US-style universities and the 5.0 scale as used by Saudi universities.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"a-gpa-is-a-weighted-average\">A GPA is a weighted average\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>Each course gives you two numbers: grade points (an A is 4.0 on the 4.0 scale) and credits (often 3 for a regular course, more for a course with labs). The GPA multiplies each course’s points by its credits, adds those up, and divides by the total credits. The products are called quality points, or grade points on some transcripts.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Here’s an example with three courses on the 4.0 scale:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"table-wrap\">\u003Ctable>\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>Course\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>Grade\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>Points\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>Credits\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>Quality points\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>Calculus\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>A\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>4.0\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>3\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>12\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>Physics with lab\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>B+\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>3.3\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>4\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>13.2\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>Writing\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>C\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>2.0\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>3\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>6\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>Total\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>10\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>31.2\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cp>31.2 ÷ 10 = 3.12. A plain average of 4.0, 3.3 and 2.0 gives 3.10. The difference is small here, but it grows when one course has many more credits than the others.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>The code is the formula and two checks:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cpre class=\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\" style=\"--shiki-light:#24292e;--shiki-dark:#e1e4e8;--shiki-light-bg:#fff;--shiki-dark-bg:#24292e\" tabindex=\"0\">\u003Ccode>\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#57606a;--shiki-dark:#8b949e\">\u002F\u002F Σ(points × credits) ÷ Σ credits\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">export\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\"> function\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0\"> termGpa\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#b35309;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70\">courses\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0\"> Course\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">[])\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0\"> GpaResult\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> {\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">  if\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> (courses.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0\">some\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#b35309;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70\">c\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\"> =>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\"> !\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">(c.credits \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF\"> 0\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">))) \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">return\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> { ok: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF\">false\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">, error: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF\">'Credits must be more than 0.'\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> }\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">  const\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF\"> credits\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\"> =\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> courses.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0\">reduce\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">((\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#b35309;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70\">s\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#b35309;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70\">c\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">) \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">=>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> s \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">+\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> c.credits, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF\">0\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">  if\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> (\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">!\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">credits) \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">return\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> { ok: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF\">false\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">, error: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF\">'Add a course with a grade and credits.'\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> }\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">  const\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF\"> qualityPoints\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\"> =\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> courses.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0\">reduce\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">((\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#b35309;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70\">s\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#b35309;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70\">c\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">) \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">=>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> s \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">+\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> c.points \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">*\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> c.credits, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF\">0\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">  return\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> { ok: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF\">true\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">, value: { gpa: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0\">clean\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">(qualityPoints \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">\u002F\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> credits), credits: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0\">clean\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">(credits), qualityPoints: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0\">clean\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">(qualityPoints) } }\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">}\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Cp>The check is written \u003Ccode>!(c.credits > 0)\u003C\u002Fcode> on purpose. An empty or mistyped credits field becomes \u003Ccode>NaN\u003C\u002Fcode> in the component, and \u003Ccode>NaN > 0\u003C\u002Fcode> is false, so that one test catches zero, negative numbers and junk input together.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>The function returns the credits and quality points as well as the GPA. The page shows all three (“10 credits, 31.2 grade points, on the 4.0 scale”), because those totals are what you need for the next step.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"term-gpa-and-cumulative-gpa\">Term GPA and cumulative GPA\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>Your \u003Cstrong>term GPA\u003C\u002Fstrong> covers only this semester’s courses. Your \u003Cstrong>cumulative\u003C\u002Fstrong> (overall) GPA covers every graded course you’ve taken. To combine them, you don’t need every old course. Your transcript’s GPA and credits are enough, because GPA × credits gives back the quality points behind it:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cpre class=\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\" style=\"--shiki-light:#24292e;--shiki-dark:#e1e4e8;--shiki-light-bg:#fff;--shiki-dark-bg:#24292e\" tabindex=\"0\">\u003Ccode>\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#57606a;--shiki-dark:#8b949e\">\u002F\u002F The new overall GPA: the earlier GPA stands for its credits' worth of quality points\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">export\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\"> function\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0\"> cumulativeGpa\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#b35309;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70\">term\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0\"> GpaTotals\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#b35309;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70\">priorGpa\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF\"> number\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#b35309;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70\">priorCredits\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF\"> number\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#b35309;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70\">max\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF\"> number\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0\"> GpaResult\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> {\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">  if\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> (priorGpa \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\"><\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF\"> 0\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\"> ||\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> priorGpa \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> max) \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">return\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> { ok: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF\">false\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">, error: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF\">`The current GPA must be between 0 and ${\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">max\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF\">}.`\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> }\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">  if\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> (priorCredits \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\"><\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF\"> 0\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">) \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">return\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> { ok: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF\">false\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">, error: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF\">'Credits completed can’t be negative.'\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> }\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">  const\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF\"> credits\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\"> =\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> term.credits \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">+\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> priorCredits\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">  const\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF\"> qualityPoints\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\"> =\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> term.qualityPoints \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">+\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> priorGpa \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">*\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> priorCredits\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">  return\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> { ok: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF\">true\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">, value: { gpa: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0\">clean\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">(qualityPoints \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#cb2431;--shiki-dark:#F97583\">\u002F\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\"> credits), credits: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0\">clean\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">(credits), qualityPoints: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0\">clean\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">(qualityPoints) } }\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\n\u003Cspan class=\"line\">\u003Cspan style=\"--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8\">}\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Cp>That’s what the “GPA so far” and “Credits completed” fields do. A student with a 3.0 over 90 credits who gets straight A’s in a 15-credit term has 270 + 60 = 330 quality points over 105 credits, which is 3.14. A perfect term moves the overall GPA by only 0.14, and each later term moves it less, because the credits behind it keep growing.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>The GPA so far is checked against the scale, so 4.5 is refused on the 4.0 scale and accepted on the 5.0 scale.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"why-averaging-term-gpas-is-wrong\">Why averaging term GPAs is wrong\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>This is a common mistake, and it’s the same one as averaging course grades, one level up. Terms don’t all have the same number of credits.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Take a full term of 15 credits with a 3.8, then a summer term of 3 credits with a 2.0:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Averaging the two GPAs: (3.8 + 2.0) ÷ 2 = \u003Cstrong>2.90\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Weighting by credits: (3.8 × 15 + 2.0 × 3) ÷ 18 = (57 + 6) ÷ 18 = \u003Cstrong>3.50\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>The plain average treats one summer course as if it weighed as much as five regular ones. That’s why the page asks for the GPA and credits printed on your latest transcript, never an average of your term GPAs.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"two-scales-and-how-an-f-counts\">Two scales, and how an F counts\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>Both scales are tables in \u003Ccode>utils\u002Fgpa.ts\u003C\u002Fcode>. The 4.0 scale is the usual US letter-to-point table:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"table-wrap\">\u003Ctable>\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>A+\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>A\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>A-\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>B+\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>B\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>B-\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>C+\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>C\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>C-\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>D+\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>D\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>D-\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>F\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>4.0\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>4.0\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>3.7\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>3.3\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>3.0\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>2.7\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>2.3\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>2.0\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>1.7\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>1.3\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>1.0\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>0.7\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>0\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cp>Some schools give A+ 4.3 or don’t use minus grades. If yours does, the result here will be slightly off, which the page’s FAQ says.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>The 5.0 scale as used by Saudi universities has fewer grades and starts higher:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"table-wrap\">\u003Ctable>\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>A+\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>A\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>B+\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>B\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>C+\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>C\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>D+\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>D\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>F\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>5\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>4.75\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>4.5\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>4\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>3.5\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>3\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>2.5\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>2\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>1\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cp>The surprising line is the last one. On this scale a failing grade (هـ, or F) still counts as 1 point. That doesn’t make failing cheap. The course’s credits still go into the total, so it pulls the GPA down hard. One A and one F, both 3 credits:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>5.0 scale: (4.75 × 3 + 1 × 3) ÷ 6 = 2.875, shown as \u003Cstrong>2.88\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>4.0 scale: (4 × 3 + 0 × 3) ÷ 6 = \u003Cstrong>2.00\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>The two results can’t be compared directly. A GPA only means something next to the scale it was calculated on, which is why the page always names the scale under the answer.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"small-decisions-in-the-page\">Small decisions in the page\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Blank rows don’t count.\u003C\u002Fstrong> Only courses with a grade are included. That’s how you leave out a pass\u002Ffail course, which usually isn’t part of a GPA, without deleting the row.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Switching scales clears grades that don’t exist.\u003C\u002Fstrong> A- has no place on the 5.0 scale, so switching clears it instead of guessing a nearby grade.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Two decimals.\u003C\u002Fstrong> The GPA is rounded to two decimals for display, the way transcripts usually print it, so 3.125 shows as 3.13. The calculation itself keeps full precision until then.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>The details schools differ on are left to them.\u003C\u002Fstrong> Repeated courses, transfer credits and grade replacement policies vary between universities, so the result is a check, not your official GPA.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"try-it\">Try it\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>The \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fgpa-calculator\">GPA calculator\u003C\u002Fa> gives your term GPA from grades and credits, then your new overall GPA, on the 4.0 or the 5.0 scale. If you’re still before the exam, the \u003Ca href=\"\u002Ffinal-grade-calculator\">final grade calculator\u003C\u002Fa> shows the score you need for the course grade you want.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",[18,22,25,28,31,34],{"id":19,"text":20,"level":21},"a-gpa-is-a-weighted-average","A GPA is a weighted average",2,{"id":23,"text":24,"level":21},"term-gpa-and-cumulative-gpa","Term GPA and cumulative GPA",{"id":26,"text":27,"level":21},"why-averaging-term-gpas-is-wrong","Why averaging term GPAs is wrong",{"id":29,"text":30,"level":21},"two-scales-and-how-an-f-counts","Two scales, and how an F counts",{"id":32,"text":33,"level":21},"small-decisions-in-the-page","Small decisions in the page",{"id":35,"text":36,"level":21},"try-it","Try it",5,1792325801042]